Gerund and Infinitive

Gerund and Infinitive

1. Gerund
Example:
john hesitated to ambush the monster alone
Allison has aggreed to bring peace between the two conflict country

2. Verbs that are always followed by the gerund other verbs must always be followed by the gerund
Example:
Alexa practiced dancing for contest in Tokyo.
The Hokage denied attacking enemy army in Sunagakure

3. These Sentences are made negative by adding the negative particle not before the infinitive or gerund
Example:
Khyakimaru avoided not to meet Mumei in Arena
Yao Ming regretted not seeing Ming Hun Jo Last night

4. The Following verbs can be followed by either the infinitive or the gerund with no change in meaning.
Example:
He continued to play games after eat - he continued playing games after eat
Rohmad love to ride in mountain with her motobike - Rohmad loved riding in mountain with her motobike

5. Verbs + Preposition followed by the gerund
Example:
Asta gave up on tournament because his Injuries
Algojo not looking forward to bring his knife

6. Adjectives + prepositions followed by the gerund
Example:
We are interested in seeing film "Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku"
Ronnin tired of reading math books

7. Nouns + prepositions followed by the gerund
Example:
There is no reason for not attending the meeting
Johnny has no excuse for taking money from his father wallet

8. Adjectives followed by the infinitiv
Example:
Enty ready to destroy enemy ship in Black Sea
Ritsu difficult to pass training exam

9. Some Verbs can be followed by either the infinitive or the gerund but the meaning changes
Example:
Rinna forgetted taking her make up – Rinnaa Forgetted to take her make up
Arima stopped playing games in his laptop
Arima stopped to play games in his laptop

Contoh Kalimat Tense Dalam Bahasa Inggris | Belajar Bahasa Inggris

16 Tenses in English

Simple Present Tense
Formula:
(+) S + V1 + O/C
(-) S + do/does + not + V1 + O/C
(?) Do/does + S + V1 + O/C
Example:
(+) Albert reads magazine everyday.
(-) Albert does not read magazine everyday.
(?) Does Albert read magazine everyday?
Yes, she does. / No, she does not.
Active : I keep the book in the bag.
Passive : The book is kept in the bag.

Present Continuous Tense
Formula:
(+) S + be + V1 + ing + O/C
(-) S + be + not + V1 + ing + O/C
(?) Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C
Example:
(+) He is playing violin now
(-) He is not playing violin now
(?) Is he playing badminton now?
Yes, he is. / No, he is not.
Active : Ruddy is keeping my house tidy.
Passive: My house is being kept tidy.

Present Perfect Tense
Formula:
(+) S + has/have + been + O/C
S + has/have + V3 + O/C
(-) S + has/have + not + been + O/C
S + has/have + not + V3 + O/C
(?) Have/has + S + been + O/C
Have/has + S + V3 + O/C
Example:
(+) He has been at camp for a month.
Billy has eaten the noodle already.
(-) He has not been at camp for a month.
Billy has not eaten the noodle already.
(?) Has he been at camp for a month?
Has he eaten the noodle already?
Yes, he has. / No, he has not.
Active : I have kept all your old letters.
Passive : All your old letters have been kept.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula:
(+) S + have/has + been + V-ing
(-) S + have/has + not + been + V-ing
(?) Have/has + S + been + V-ing
Example:
(+) He has been playing chess for twenty minutes.
(-) He has not been playing chess for twenty minutes.
(?) Has he been playing chess for twenty minutes?
Yes, he has. / No, he has not.

Simple Past Tense
Formula:
(+) S + to be (was/were) + O/C
      S + V2 + O/C
(-) S + to be (was/were) + not + O/C
S + did not + V1 + O/C
(?) Did + S + V1 + O/C
Example:
(+) He was a Pilot in 1984.
He visited me yesterday.
(-) He was not a Pilot in 1984.
He did not visit me yesterday.
(?) Did he visit you yesterday?
Yes, he did. / No, he did not.
Active : Alexa kept her schedule meticulously.
Passive : Alexa's schedule was kept meticulously.
Past Continuous Tense
Formula:
(+) S + to be (was/were) + V-ing + O/C
(-) S + to be (was/were) + not + V-ing + O/C
(?) Was/were + S + V-ing + O/C
Example:
(+) She was sleeping when I came.
(-) She was not sleeping when I came.
(?) Was she sleeping when you came?
Yes, she was. / No, she was not.
      Active : The theater was keeping a seat for you.
     Passive : A seat was being kept for you.
Past Perfect Tense
Formula:
(+) S + had + V3 + O/C
(-) S + had + not + V3 + O/C
(?) Had + S + V3 + O/C
Example:
(+) He had gone to Bali when I called him.
(-) He had not gone to Bali when I called him.
(?) Had he gone to Bali when you called him?
Yes, he had. / No, he had not.
Active : He had kept up his training regimen for a month.
Passive : His training regimen had been kept up for a month.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula:
(+) S + had + been + V-ing + O/C
(-) S + had + not + been + V-ing + O/C
(?) Had + S + been + V-ing + O/C
Example:
(+) They had been living in Jakarta about ten years.
(-) They had not been living in Jakarta about ten years.
(?) Had they been living in Jakarta about ten years?
Yes, they had. / No, they had not.
Simple Future Tense
Formula:
(+) S + will/shall + V1 + O/C
S + am/is/are + going to + V1 + O/C
(-) S + will/shall + not + V1 + O/C
S + am/is/are + not + going to + V1 + O/C
(?) Will/shall + S + V1 + O/C
Am/is/are + S + going to + V1 + O/C
Example:
(+) She will eat fried rice.
She is going to eat fried rice.
(-) She will not eat fried rice.
She is not going to eat fried rice.
(?) Will she eat fried rice?
Is she going to eat fried rice?
Yes, she will. / No, she will not.
Yes, she is. / No, she is not.
Active : Mark will keep the ficus.
Passive : The ficus will be kept.
Future Continuous Tense
Formula:
(+) S + will/shall + be + V-ing + O/C
(-) S + will/shall + not + be + V-ing + O/C
(?) Will/shall + S + be + V-ing + O/C
Example:
(+) I will be watching a movie tonight.
(-) I will not be watching a movie tonight.
(?) Will you be watching a movie tonight?
Yes, I will. / No, I will not.

Future Perfect Tense
Formula:
(+) S + shall/will + have + been + C
S + shall/will + have + V3 + O
(-) S + shall/will + not + have + been + C
S + shall/will + not + have + V3 + O
(?) Shall/will + S + have + been + C
Shall/will + S + have + V3 + O
Example:
(+) I will have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning.
He will have rented my house next month.
(-) I will not have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning.
He will not have rented my house next month.
(?) Will you have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning?
Will he have rented my house next month?
Yes, I will. / No, I will not.
Yes, he will. / No, he will not.

Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula:
(+) S + shall/will + have + been + V-ing + O
(-) S + shall/will + not + have + been + V-ing + O
(?) Shall/will + S + have + been + V-ing + O
Example:
(+) She will have been visiting us tomorrow.
(-) She will not have been visiting us tomorrow.
(?) Will she have been visiting us tomorrow?
Yes, she will. / No, she will not.

Past Future Tense
Formula:
(+) S + should/would + be + O
S + should/would + V1 + O
(-) S + should/would + not + be + O
S + should/would + not + V1 + O
(?) Should/would + S + be + O
Should/would + S + V1 + O
Example:
(+) I should be in Banten next month.
I should be pick up when you arrive at the station next week.
(-) I should not be in Banten next month.
I should not be pick up when you arrive at the station next week.
(?) Should you be in Banten next month?
Should you be pick up when you arrive at the station next week?
Yes, I should. / No, I should not.

Past Future Continuous Tense
Formula:
(+) S + should/would + be + V-ing + O
(-) S + should/would + not + be + V-ing + O
(?) Should/would + S + be + V-ing + O
Example:
(+) My brother would be finishing thesis last week.
(-) My brother would not be finishing thesis last week.
(?) Would your brother be finishing thesis last week?
Yes, he would. / No, he would not.

Past Future Perfect Tense
Formula:
(+) S + should/would + have + been + C
S + should/would + have + V3 + O
(-) S + should/would + not + have + been + C
S + should/would + not + have + V3 + O
(?) Should/would + S + have + been + C
Should/would + S + have + V3 + O
Example:
(+) My mother should have been here at nine oclock tomorrow.
Marry would have worked in leading companies next month.
(-) My mother should not have been here at nine oclock tomorrow.
Marry would not have worked in leading companies next month.
(?) Should your mother have been here at nine oclock tomorrow?
Would Marry have worked in leading companies next month?
Yes, she should. / No, she should not.
Yes, she would. / No, she would not.

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula:
(+) S + should/would + have + been + V-ing + O
(-) S + should/would + not + have + been + V-ing + O
(?) Should/would + S + have + been + V-ing + O
Example:
(+) I would have been working in leading companies for 10 years.
(-) I would not have been working in leading companies for 10 years.
(?) Would you have been working in leading companies for 10 years?
Yes, I would. / No, I would not.